Lindera benzoin – Spicebush

General Information: Low maintenance dioecious native shrub. Most at home in average, well-drained soils in partial shade. However, these plants are not fussy about moisture, soil type, light, or pH – an easy plant to grow and enjoy! All parts of the plant are pleasantly aromatic when bruised. The aromatic twigs and leaves contain small quantities of camphor and, as the name suggests, yield a pleasant “spicy” scent. The aromatic compounds within Spicebush probably attributed to the plant’s important role as a food and medicine for Indigenous Peoples in North America. In fall, the strong yellow color of the leaves creates a stunning landscaping accent. The coloration will be stronger if the plant receives nearly full sun throughout the season. This plant can tolerate full shade, but ideally, part shade ensures the fullest canopy and nicest foliage. The shrub is rounded, up to 12 feet, occasionally to 15 feet. Common in woods, valleys, ravines, and along streams. An increasingly popular native alternative to over-used non-native landscaping shrubs. Spicebush is host to the larvae of the Spicebush Swallowtail Butterfly (Papilio troilus) and the Promethea Silkmoth (Callosamia promethea). Many birds also feed enthusiastically on the fruit.

Edible Qualities: Spicebush twigs, berries, and leaves can be eaten cooked or raw. Dry them, powder them, and enjoy them as a spice!

Cultivation Details: This species is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers occur on separate plants. Currently, we only offer unsexed selections. When mature, the plants will produce flowers in early spring. Male flowers are larger and showier than female ones. Female plants produce red drupes in the fall that attract birds. The distinct aroma of the leaves, stems, and fruits is a folk insect repellent. Aside from being a host plant, Spicebush has no serious insect or disease problems. Ideal for borders, shade or woodland gardens, moist areas along streams or ponds, native plant gardens, and rewilding.

Growing Requirements: Plant in nearly full sun to full shade. Plants receiving more than 6 hours of full sun will prefer moist or somewhat wet soils. Tolerates most soil types and conditions. Uniquely tolerant of deep shade and swampy or wet soils. Suitable for mildly acidic, neutral, and mildly alkaline soils.

Fun Facts: The Genus name Lindera honors Johann Linder (1676-1723), a Swedish botanist and physician. The specific epithet benzoin comes from the Arabic vernacular word meaning “aromatic gum.” Benzoin, from an unrelated species of plant grown in the Middle East, is a common ingredient in incense mixtures. Although they are unrelated, Spicebush also has the potential to be used similarly in incense mixtures.